Domestic Electric Circuit | Class 10
A Domestic Electric Circuit is the electrical wiring system used in our homes to supply electricity safely to different appliances like bulbs, fans, sockets, TV, fridge, etc. It is designed in such a way that each appliance gets the same voltage and works independently.
1️⃣ Main Parts of a Domestic Electric Circuit
🔹 (a) Live Wire (Phase Wire)
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It brings electric current from the main supply to the house.
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It is usually red or brown in colour.
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Switch, fuse, and MCB are connected in the live wire for safety.
🔹 (b) Neutral Wire
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It provides the return path of current back to the supply.
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It is usually black or blue in colour.
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It is directly connected to the appliance.
🔹 (c) Earth Wire
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It is a safety wire.
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Colour: green.
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It carries excess current to the earth in case of leakage and prevents electric shock.
2️⃣ Safety Devices in Domestic Circuit
🔸 Fuse
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A thin wire of low melting point.
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If excess current flows, the fuse melts and breaks the circuit, protecting appliances.
🔸 MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
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It is an automatic safety device.
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It trips off when current exceeds safe value.
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More reliable and reusable than fuse.
3️⃣ Connection of Appliances
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All appliances are connected in parallel combination.
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Advantage:
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Each appliance gets same voltage (220 V).
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If one appliance fails, others continue to work.
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Appliances can be operated independently using switches.
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4️⃣ How Current Flows in a Domestic Circuit
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Current enters through the live wire.
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Passes through MCB/Fuse → Switch → Appliance.
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Returns through the neutral wire.
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In case of leakage, current flows through earth wire to the ground.
5️⃣ Why Switch is Connected in Live Wire?
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When switch is OFF, the appliance becomes completely safe.
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If switch were in neutral wire, appliance could still be live → risk of shock.
6️⃣ Important Exam Points (Very Likely to be Asked)
✔ Domestic circuit uses parallel connection
✔ Standard domestic supply = 220 V, 50 Hz
✔ Switch and fuse always in live wire
✔ Earth wire is for safety
📝 One-Line Definition
A domestic electric circuit is the system of electrical wiring used in homes to safely supply electricity to various appliances through live, neutral, and earth wires.
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